اندازه‌گیری و سنجش تراز صوتی در فضاهای شهری، مطالعه موردی: منطقه 4 شهر تهران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه تربیت بدنی، واحد شاهرود، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این تحقیق، سنجش تراز صوتی در فضاهای شهری بوده است. بدین منظور بوستان‌های واقع در منطقه 4 شهرداری تهران به عنوان پایلوت تحقیق انتخاب گردید. در ابتدا تراز معادل توسط نرم‌افزار Decibel X نسخه 2020 اندازه‌گیری و با استاندارد صوتی (OSHA-90 dBA) مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. سپس با ایجاد تراز صوتی پلکانی اقدام به ثبت مشاهدات اعتراضی کاربران شد. نوآوری این تحقیق در انتخاب مکان و روش اندازه‌گیری است. کمترین و بیشترین تراز فشار صوتی برابر با 68/65 و 15/77 دسی‌بل بوده است. اکثر بوستان‌های مورد مطالعه دارای میانگین تراز صوتی کمتر از استاندارد NIOSH و  OSHAو ACGIH هستند. این در حالی است که تمامی موارد (به استثنای پارک جنگلی لویزان و ساحل)، دارای تراز صوتی بالاتر از استاندارد آژانس حفاظت محیط‌زیست هستند. همچنین برای کاربران، میانگین زمان حضور در یک روز در بوستان‌ها 2 ساعت می‌باشد. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین درصد پاسخ‌های کاربران (88 درصد و 87 درصد) به ترتیب مربوط به حد مطلوب صدا (67-65 دسی‌بل) و حد آزاردهنده (85-79 دسی‌بل) می‌باشد که نشان می‌دهد اکثر کاربران در خصوص این دو محدوده اتفاق نظر دارند. از سوی دیگر کمترین توافق در پاسخ‌ها (37 درصد) مربوط به حد بسیار مطلوب (کمتر از 65 دسی‌بل) می‌باشد. فضاهای ورزشی در بوستان‌های منطقه 4 از استاندارد نسبی به لحاظ آلودگی صوتی برخوردار هستند.   

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Measurement of Sound Level in Urban Spaces, Case Study: District 4 of Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahya Sadat Farazandehmehr 1
  • Seyed Mostafa Tayebi Sani 2
  • Soosan Sahami 3
  • Ali Fahiminejad 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was to measure the sound level in urban spaces. For this purpose, the gardens located in District 4 of Tehran municipality were selected as pilot research. The equivalent level was first measured by Decibel X software version 2020 and compared with the audio standard (OSHA-90 dBA). Then, by creating a stepped sound level, users' protest observations were recorded. The innovation of this research is in choosing the location and measurement method. The lowest and highest sound pressure levels were 65.68 and 77.15 dB. Most of the studied parks have lower average sound levels than NIOSH, OSHA and ACGIH standards. However, all items (except Lavizan Forest Park and Sahel) have a sound level higher than the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency. Also for users, the average time spent in a day is 2 hours. On the other hand, the highest percentage of user responses (88% and 87%) are related to the desired sound level (65-67 decibels) and the annoying limit (79-85 decibels), respectively, which shows that most users agree on these two ranges. have. On the other hand, the lowest agreement in the answers (37%) is related to the very desirable limit (less than 65 decibels). Sports facilities in the parks of Region 4 have a relative standard in terms of noise pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sound level
  • Urban spaces
  • Sports spaces
  • Environmental effects
  • District 4 of Tehran
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