بررسی وضعیت دسترسی گروههای درآمدی مختلف به مسکن مناسب در کلان شهرها (نمونه موردی شهر مشهد)

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

خانواده­های کم درآمد اغلب ‌به‌طور همزمان با مشکلات مسکن و محله مواجه بوده و نیازمند استراتژی­هایی برای به حداکثر رساندن بودجه محدود و تضمین ایمنی خود هستند و همین امر، خطراتی را ایجاد یا تشدید می­کند. دولت‌ها ادعا دارند که در این ارتباط، اقدامات مؤثری به انجام رسانده­اند. برای آزمون این ادعا، این بررسی چگونگی دسترسی به مسکن مناسب در شهر مشهد را مورد ارزیابی قرار داد. روش تحقیق، توصیفی و تحلیلی بود و داده‌های مورد نیاز از اسناد اداری و تکمیل پرسشنامه گردآوری شد. نمونه انتخابی در این بررسی، 382 نفر از جمعیت سه میلیون نفری شهر مشهد بود. متغیرهای انتخابی، تعداد اتاق در اختیار، وسعت واحد مسکونی، آشپزخانه و سرویس مستقل، هزینه اختصاصی به مسکن، بعد خانوار و نوع واحد مسکونی بود. داده‌­های گردآوری شده با استفاده از آماره‌­های مختلف، به‌خصوص شاخص جینی و اتکینسون مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. به منظور برآورد دقیق­تر ضرایب، از شاخص تعدیل نیاز و جهت انجام محاسبات از نرم افزار Stata و SPSS استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی دسترسی به مسکن به شدت دگرگون شده و دامنه ضریب جینی و شاخص اتکینسون قبل و بعد از تعدیل نیاز به ترتیب بین 217/0- 132/0 و 040/0-019/0 تغییر کرده است. این ضرایب نشان می­دهد که وضعیت توزیع مسکن بعد از تعدیل نیاز بدتر شده، در بین مناطق شهرداری، اختلافات فاحشی وجود داشته، تمایل برای رفع نابرابری اندک بوده و اصولا ادعای تحقق سیاست‌­های عدالت­‌گرا، تأئید نمی‌­شود. در واقع سیاست­‌های تأمین مسکن، تنها گروه‌های متوسط و بالای جامعه را هدف قرار داده­اند. بر این اساس، راهبرد پیشنهادی این پژوهش، تغییر جهت­‌گیری سیاست­‌های تأمین مسکن و مشارکت بیش‌تر مردم در طراحی و اجرای این سیاست­‌ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Accessibility of Different Income Groups to Affordable Housing in Metropolises (Case Study of Mashhad)

نویسنده [English]

  • Rostam Saberifar
Associate Professor, Department of Geograpy and Urban planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Housing has affected many aspects of life, and it is considered one of the most important components of development. For this reason, it is the principal effort of its executives and policymakers to access the housing they need. So that, most governments claim that have taken effective actions in this regard. To test this claim, this study has been evaluated how different income groups have access to affordable housing in Mashhad. The research method was descriptive and analytical, and required data were collected from administrative documents and questionnaire completion. The sample selected in this study was 3820 of the population of Mashhad, city with a population of approximately 3 million. The collected data were evaluated using various statistics, especially Gini and Atkinson index. In order to estimate the coefficients more accurately, the need adjustment index was used. The results showed that the range of Gini coefficient and Atkinson index before and after adjustment need to be between 0.132-0.021 and 0.019-0.040, respectively. These coefficients show that the situation of housing distribution has worsened after adjusting for the need, there have been significant disparities between municipalities, the tendency to address inequality has not been adequately addressed, and the claim of equitable policies has not been substantiated. Indeed, housing policies have only targeted middle- and upper-income groups. Accordingly, the proposed strategy of this study is to change the orientation of housing policies and to involve more people in the design and implementation of these policies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • housing
  • policy-making
  • income groups
  • distributive justice
  • Mashhad
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