Geography And Urben Planning
esmaeil safaralizadeh; robab hoseinzadeh; majid akbari
Abstract
livability can provide sustainable growth, effectiveness economic diversity and stable employment, increase in income and its fair distribution, self-reliance, balanced consumption, technology compatible with the environment and providing the basic needs of all urban groups. In alignment with this necessity ...
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livability can provide sustainable growth, effectiveness economic diversity and stable employment, increase in income and its fair distribution, self-reliance, balanced consumption, technology compatible with the environment and providing the basic needs of all urban groups. In alignment with this necessity this article aim is measuring and spatially analyzing the economic viability of Tehran metropolis. The research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. data obtained by referring the Iran Statistics Center and the Information and Communication Technology Organization of Tehran Municipality. analyze the data and information, the Mabac model and skew and kurtosis tests, Mann-Whitney, rank average used in SPSS and ARC GIS software. According to the obtained results, in terms of economic viability, regions 6, 2, and 1 ranked first to third with the most points, and on the other hand, regions 22, 16, and 9 ranked with the lowest points. They ranked 20th to 22nd. In addition, the dominant space of economic viability in the 22 districts of Tehran metropolis is an unfavorable area. Findings shows that, it concluded that the metropolis of Tehran lacks the unity of economic viability and these spatial heterogeneities between the northern regions and other regions of Tehran are very high. this average rank difference for the southern half is 16.17 the central half is 8 the eastern half is 16.60 and the western half is 15.29. Meanwhile, the greatest difference of the northern half regions is with the southern half and the lowest is central half regions.
Geography And Urben Planning
ahmad asadi; Mohsen Ahadnejad Roshti
Abstract
Considering the importance of planning and designing inclusive cities, the aim of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the inclusive city in Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and ...
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Considering the importance of planning and designing inclusive cities, the aim of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the inclusive city in Tabriz metropolis. The research method in the present study is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and descriptive-analytical nature, in order to analysis the information, was used partial least squares model in Warp-PLS software. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and academic elites of Tabriz metropolis, and the sample size is determined by using Cohen's formula to be 100 people. The findings of the research show that the greatest impact on the realization of the inclusive city of Tabriz is related to the variables of unit management, knowledge-oriented, the content of plans and programs, and coordination and participation, respectively, the coefficients extracted based on the structural model of the research for each of them are 0.71, 0.66, 0.63 and 0.59. Among the most important reasons for the importance of these variables in the realization of Tabriz's inclusive city is the functioning of the municipal organizations and the lack of a pervasive perspective, the lack of use of various science professionals, and the new approaches to the urban planning and management system, the lack of flexibility and future approaches. In the urban management system and the lack of coordination and participation between the city -run organizations and among the urban organizations with the people.
Geography And Urben Planning
Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty; Mohamadtaghi Heydari; Mohammad sadegh Azizi
Abstract
The aim of the current research is the feasibility study and development of pocket parks in Iranian cities with the approach of citizen participation in Elahieh and Kooie Farhang neighborhoods of Zanjan city in response to the fact that the factors affecting citizen participation in the feasibility and ...
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The aim of the current research is the feasibility study and development of pocket parks in Iranian cities with the approach of citizen participation in Elahieh and Kooie Farhang neighborhoods of Zanjan city in response to the fact that the factors affecting citizen participation in the feasibility and creation of pocket park development in Zanjan city neighborhoods and effective strategies for development. What is the partnership of pocket parks? The present research is in accordance with the descriptive-analytical method in terms of its applied type and nature. The method of collection, library and field observation (interview with questionnaire tool), and sampling of probability type by simple random method. So far, no important studies have been done in the area of the feasibility of creating and developing park envelopes with the citizen participation approach, and the practical value of the research will be in changing, improving and modifying the methods and patterns of dealing with planning for the sustainability of cities in Iran. The results showed that trust played an important role in the development of pocket parks and increasing neighborhood dynamics, trust in each other and urban management was the basis for creating such desirable spaces. Also, the situation of the components of NGOs and feeling of security in the two neighborhoods of Elahieh and Kooie Farhang are not the same, and the conditions of Kooie Farhang are more unfavorable than Elahieh. Finally, for the development of such spaces, the sense of security variable will have the greatest impact on the development of pocket parks in these neighborhoods.
Geography And Urben Planning
Esmaeil Salehi; Saeed Karimi; Omid Heydari
Abstract
The main goal of this research was to evaluate the status of economic indicators in the realization of spatial justice of parks and urban green spaces. The method of current research is based on a valuational-analytical method and the statistical community includes three regions of Bandar Abbas city. ...
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The main goal of this research was to evaluate the status of economic indicators in the realization of spatial justice of parks and urban green spaces. The method of current research is based on a valuational-analytical method and the statistical community includes three regions of Bandar Abbas city. Data collection was done in library and field ways. To evaluate the economic indicators in spatial justice, Gini coefficient, the ratio of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on population, inflation rate and development rate of green spaces were used and the impact of indicators on the spatial justice of parks and green spaces was identified by Eveiws software. The coefficient of determination obtained in the regression model was 0.99 which indicates that the independent variables explain 0.99 variations of the dependent variable. Studied parameters were determined in order of priority: Gini coefficient indicators, the proportion of population onthe GDP and inflation rate. Among them, Gini coefficient has the greatest effect. In other words, the development of high quality parks, both functionally and ecologically in Bandar Abbas city tends to the area in which its population has a lower Gini coefficient. Therefore, considering the influential economic variables and having a comprehensive view, a fair movement in the expansion of the green spaces can be started.
Geography And Urben Planning
Farzaneh Sasanpour; Media Hakimi
Abstract
The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating the ecological foundations and their impact on livability of district 1 of Tehran metropolis. Tehran metropolis, like other metropolises, is facing many problems in economic, social, environmental and physical fields, ...
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The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating the ecological foundations and their impact on livability of district 1 of Tehran metropolis. Tehran metropolis, like other metropolises, is facing many problems in economic, social, environmental and physical fields, such as reduction of livability and diminishing the importance of ecological foundations in the structure of urban life. The method of this research is descriptive - analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. By using Topsis technique and AHP hierarchy process, ecological indicators were weighted and ranked based on FUZZY method of the ten regions of district 1. The results show that among these regions district 4 with a value of 0.957 has the highest and district 8 with a value of 0.243 has the lowest rank in terms of the impact of ecological foundations on livability . It can be concluded that the more and higher quality the ecological foundations are in urban areas, their role will be more in the viability of urban areas. The innovation of this research is to identify the existing ecological foundations in district 1 and use of AHP and FUZZY techniques.
Majid goodarzi; Mohammadali Feroozi; Omid Saeidi
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to investigate and analyze the socio-cultural obstacles to the development of sustainable public transportation in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose, and descriptive and analytical regarding its nature with ...
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The purpose of the current research is to investigate and analyze the socio-cultural obstacles to the development of sustainable public transportation in Ahvaz metropolis. The current research is applied and developmental in terms of its purpose, and descriptive and analytical regarding its nature with a survey approach. In order to collect information, two methods of library and field studies (questionnaire and interview).have been used. Cronbach's alpha test was used for the reliability test of the measurement tool, and obtaining a coefficient of 0.95 approves it. The method of analysis was quantitative, which used the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making model. Also, the statistical population of the research is made up of the 8 districts of Ahvaz metropolis. In order to determine the sample size of the expert community, the Snowball sampling method was used, based on which 15 experts related to the field of this research were selected. Identifying obstacles to the socio-cultural development of transportation, categorizing obstacles and recognizing spatial differences are among the innovative aspects of this research. The results of the research showed that the socio-cultural barriers to the development of public transportation in the eight regions of Ahvaz are different. In regions 1 to 8, respectively, there exist weak organizational culture, car-oriented lifestyle, weak participation of task units, lack of support for children's travel, irregular boarding and disembarking, resistance to paying expenses. n general, the weak observance of citizens’ rights is the most important obstacle to the development of public transportation in each of the 8 regions.
Hosain Nazmfar; Ali Eshghei Chaharbarj; Mosib Mohamadi
Abstract
The purpose of the present study, was the evaluation of sustainability levels of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Provinces in terms of urban sustainability indicators with an emphasis on social, physical and urban dimensions out in three general indicators and 22 sub-indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytic ...
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The purpose of the present study, was the evaluation of sustainability levels of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Provinces in terms of urban sustainability indicators with an emphasis on social, physical and urban dimensions out in three general indicators and 22 sub-indicators. The research method is descriptive-analytic with an objective purpose. The study area is Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad provinces. In this research, the indices were weighted by expert experts using the ANP model. To analyze the data and determine the degree of sustainability ratings we used VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method for the cities. Based on the VIKOR cities were classified into three categories: developed, moderately developed and deprived of development. The results showed that the gap between the most developed city (Boyer Ahmad) and the most deprived city (Lande) was quite evident. It shows that the spatial distribution of services and facilities has not been equitable in planning and policy making. Therefore, the development trend at Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad provinces is uneven. The provincial authorities should focus their policies on disadvantaged and less developed areas to reduce the gap between areas in order to achieve stability.
Geography And Urben Planning
Safar Ali Nazarian; Yousef Darvishi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the role of sustainable social participation in improving the quality of urban life in Parsabad, Ardebil province. In terms of nature, the research is a descriptive-analytical and was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study included citizens ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the role of sustainable social participation in improving the quality of urban life in Parsabad, Ardebil province. In terms of nature, the research is a descriptive-analytical and was conducted by survey method. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 18 years of age in the city of Parsabad Moghan. Using the Cochran sample size determination formula, 380 people were determined as the sample size. The studied samples were selected using random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire the reliability of which was confirmed with a coefficient higher than 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha test. The independent variable of research (social participation) included the independent components of the study including reciprocal relationship, mutual commitment, and mutual expectation. According to the research findings, the components of reciprocity, mutual commitment and sense of belonging simultaneously have a significant effect on sustainable development. Examining the simultaneous effect of four components of social participation on sustainable urban development and implementation in the territory of an inter-city can be a new approach in this field of urban studies.
Geography And Urben Planning
abolfazl meshkini; Asghar Rostammeydan; Mohsen Ahadnejad; Hassan Mahmoudzadeh
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the viable ecosystem model of Tabriz metropolis using fuzzy model. It is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical with regard to the type of study. Research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire Cronbach's alpha ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the viable ecosystem model of Tabriz metropolis using fuzzy model. It is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical with regard to the type of study. Research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire Cronbach's alpha coefficient is equal to 0/819 which indicates a strong reliability. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 18 years of age in the city of Tabriz, whose sample size was determined to be 1068 using the Cochran's formula with an error coefficient of 3%. The research samples were randomly selected considering the household density in each of the 10 districts of Tabriz. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software based on structural equations and fuzzy multivariate analysis in GIS environment. According to the research results, Tabriz metropolis has moderate bioavailability in ecosystem dimensions and imbalance is evident among the ten regions. Research innovation presents a sustainable model based on the participation and cooperation of people and urban management to make the metropolis of Tabriz livable so that it can be used as a roadmap other cities.
Geography And Urben Planning
Roya Ramezani Kiasejmahaleh; Elham Esmaeli Alavijeh; Mohammad javad Amiri
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the location of urban green space in District 4 of Tehran and determine suitable locations for creating green space. Proper location of green space in the appearance of cities, in addition to aesthetic and recreational aspects, has an important role in reducing ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the location of urban green space in District 4 of Tehran and determine suitable locations for creating green space. Proper location of green space in the appearance of cities, in addition to aesthetic and recreational aspects, has an important role in reducing air pollution and maintaining the balance of the environment and has positive social effects such as vitality and vitality. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the effective criteria in locating the green space were determined using library studies and expert opinions. Parallel comparison of criteria with each other was performed using Chang method (fuzzy AHP). The criteria map was prepared in GIS environment and standardized in IDRISI environment. Then, using the OWA technique, the sequential weights of the criteria were calculated and the final green space location map was obtained. The results showed that the distance from residential centers with 0.157 and the distance from industrial centers with 0.053 have the highest and lowest standard weights, respectively, in the appropriate location of urban green space. Therefore, the most suitable and unsuitable places to create green space were determined according to the priority of parameters and compatibility of uses with green space. The novelty of this study is in using OWA technique in locating green space for District 4 of Tehran.
Geography And Urben Planning
Shahrivar Sroustaei; Roghayeh Naseri
Abstract
Over the past decades, the declining process of city centers has intensified due to the over relying on modern urbanism based on movement of cars and neglecting to organize pavements what is contrary to the sustainability of the city. The increasing trend towards sustainable urban development has caused ...
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Over the past decades, the declining process of city centers has intensified due to the over relying on modern urbanism based on movement of cars and neglecting to organize pavements what is contrary to the sustainability of the city. The increasing trend towards sustainable urban development has caused urban planners to put forward the theory of new urbanism to save urban centers and the authorities to consider plans in order to pay attention to pedestrians which is one of the dimensions of new urbanism. The present paper also seeks to explore the walkability of the existing streets in the historical texture. In that direction at first, the view of pedestrians, in the form of distribution of 400 questionnaires, has been evaluated in terms of the quality of seven main indicators of walkability, including accessibility, safety, security, furniture, attractiveness, transportation and social activities in the study area. Accordingly, streets in the historical texture has been prioritized using the second type of Promethee technique. Based on a result of this technique, Beheshti, Khajeh Nasir South, Oohadi, Imam Khomeini and Daneshareh streets and so on have the highest level of walkability respectively. The results of this study showed that only 20% of the passages in the historical texture have walkability features.
environment
Sahar Hasanpour
Volume 9, Issue 17 , June 2018, , Pages 63-74
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the ecological tolerance capacity of residential development in Semnan. The research approach was applied and its method was descriptive-analytic. Data were collected using the documentary method. The results of the calculations showed that the capacity to ...
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the ecological tolerance capacity of residential development in Semnan. The research approach was applied and its method was descriptive-analytic. Data were collected using the documentary method. The results of the calculations showed that the capacity to withstand land and water resources in Semnan, respectively, was 0.960091 and 0.003529, respectively, and was exceeded. Forecasting the population in the coming years also indicates that the capacity to withstand land resources will be completed in 1405, and the capacity to withstand water resources is already in crisis and at the frontier of warning, and in the coming years more severe Will also be. From the calculations, it can be concluded that the ecological tolerance for habitation in Semnan will not be stable in the coming years and will not be able to respond to the demand of the citizens and water.
environment
Mohammad Ali Firoozi; Mostafa Mohammadi Deh cheshme; Jafar Saeedi
Volume 8, Issue 15 , June 2017, , Pages 13-28
Abstract
Evaluation of environmental sustainability is inevitable because this is one of the most important tools in the planning process due to sustainable development policy making and planning. This research has a descriptive-analytical and applied method. The aim of study is to assess the environmental sustainability ...
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Evaluation of environmental sustainability is inevitable because this is one of the most important tools in the planning process due to sustainable development policy making and planning. This research has a descriptive-analytical and applied method. The aim of study is to assess the environmental sustainability indicators in Ahvaz Metropolis with emphasis on air pollution and industrial pollutions. To achieve the purpose, we have used the indices of AHP for scoring. To analyze spatial data, GIS software is used. To evaluate urban environmental sustainability, we have also emphasized on two indicators of air pollution and industrial pollutions. The findings of the research indicate that the city of Ahwaz has instable environmental conditions based on air pollution. One region with effect coefficient 0.326 has the highest weight and the second region with the weight 0.033 has the lowest rates of infection among other regions. The dust storms also affect the areas of the city of Ahwaz. Evaluation of industrial pollution also shows that eight regions of the city have the highest infection rate effect (0.331) and district one with effect coefficient of 0.024 has the lowest level of industrial pollution in the urban areas.
environment
Jila jadiSa; Kiumars Yarmoradi; Reza Kanooni; Morteza Heydari
Volume 8, Issue 15 , June 2017, , Pages 97-110
Abstract
The quality of environment is equal to quality of life and is one of the influential factors for sustainable development. Local governments could have a great influence on the urban environment management. The objective is to apply practical and implemented methods in descriptive-analytical research. ...
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The quality of environment is equal to quality of life and is one of the influential factors for sustainable development. Local governments could have a great influence on the urban environment management. The objective is to apply practical and implemented methods in descriptive-analytical research. The required data are gathered using questionnaires and face to face interviews with the residents with a volume of 374. Data analysis is done using SPSS software. The results indicate that the following indexes have more factor loadings: For participation index, the tendency to participate in environmental decisions for the neighborhood; for response index, the attention of authorities to improve the condition of your neighborhood environment; for effectiveness and efficiency index, the implemented municipal programs to reduce pollution (climate, water,…) in your neighborhood; for clarity index, the level of your awareness of the executed environmental programs and plans for your neighborhood; for responsibility index, the level of responsibility of the city managers regarding urban environmental protection; for rule of law index, the level of legal action taken by authorities for stopping local polluting agents; for justice and equality index, the level of access to open and green spaces and environmental spaces of the neighborhood.
Esmaeil Nasiri Hendeh Khaleh; Seyed Mohsen Hoseinifar; Ali Ahmadi
Volume 7, Issue 14 , November 2016, , Pages 55-66
Abstract
Cities are considered the context of the most important social, economic, political, and cultural activities. The study of urbanization process indicates that urban population is rapidly growing and cities face high rates of population growth, failing to control the caused problems so far. The phenomenon ...
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Cities are considered the context of the most important social, economic, political, and cultural activities. The study of urbanization process indicates that urban population is rapidly growing and cities face high rates of population growth, failing to control the caused problems so far. The phenomenon of migration is today considered as one of the most important and complicated problems in the Third World countries. Obviously, Iran has been affected by this issue as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of migration on Babol development. This study was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research. Through Cochran's sampling method, 322 questionnaires were administered. In order to analyze the data obtained, SPSS software and SWOT model were used. The study findings revealed that sustainability as an important factor in sustainable urban projects must be considered in the implementation of urban renovation plans. According to the results of the questionnaires gained by SWOT model, the views of experts, planners, officials and directors of Babol indicated that the weaknesses and threats of migration on the development of the city is much more than its strengths and opportunities, and so migration to the city causes instability and makes it difficult to achieve sustainable development.
Geography And Urben Planning
Zohreh Fanni Fanni; Seyed Mohammad Rezazadeh
Volume 7, Issue 13 , June 2016, , Pages 19-32
Abstract
Public participation in the form of spiritual institutions, which are known as faith-based public organizations (faith-based NGOs), is now one of the key strategies in local community development. Faith-based NGOs usually work to promote the human spiritual life; however, related extensive studies and ...
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Public participation in the form of spiritual institutions, which are known as faith-based public organizations (faith-based NGOs), is now one of the key strategies in local community development. Faith-based NGOs usually work to promote the human spiritual life; however, related extensive studies and recent investigations have shown that because of the faith capacity of these NGOs, in addition to their core function in spiritual matters of communities, they have much more effectiveness than any other non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in providing social, cultural, and welfare services. In this study, in addition to identify various religious institutions involved in city management, the functional significance of these NGOs in the field of social security as well as the welfare of residents in small local communities was examined. The main objective of this study is to analyze and highlight the role of faith-based NGOs in sustainable management of social services and hence, in provision of public welfare in communities. The research method is analytic-descriptive which is based on library documents and interviews with a number of people and managers of these NGOs in Tehran, District 1. The results showed that in spite of the diverse characteristics of these public religious centers, they all have the same or similar purposes. Because of their cultural nature, voluntary organizations in general and faith-based NGOs in particular have more effects than any other organizations on creating cultural change as well as developing sustainable management of social and welfare services in small local communities.
Geography And Urben Planning
Volume 5, Issue 9 , May 2014, , Pages 29-44
Abstract
Among the various cities, extractive towns have special features, including a high focus on industries and mining activities; high environmental contaminants and social problems caused by the occupational migration, and cultural duality that could be the issue of instability in the environmental, economic, ...
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Among the various cities, extractive towns have special features, including a high focus on industries and mining activities; high environmental contaminants and social problems caused by the occupational migration, and cultural duality that could be the issue of instability in the environmental, economic, social - cultural and physical aspects created or exacerbated. In order to applied assessment indicators to determine statues of urban sustainability for the Iranian exploitative towns seem necessary. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the dimensions and indicators of sustainability and sustainable urban development in the Asalooye city located southern of Iran and north of Pars Sea coast and in term of methods and procedure governing this descriptive – analytical study. Information required by the review of documents, field and completed questionnaires were collected by using SPSS software and valuation of indicators using a Likert-case is analyzed. Statistical analysis of the results after using the T-student test, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests indicate instability in the dimensions and sustainable urban development in the city.
Geography And Urben Planning
Volume 5, Issue 9 , May 2014, , Pages 71-82
Abstract
From the beginning of the twenty-first century,role and the place of new technologies including information and communication technology in the process of achieving development hasbeen evident more than the past.Remarkable development of information and communication technologies and the expansion of ...
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From the beginning of the twenty-first century,role and the place of new technologies including information and communication technology in the process of achieving development hasbeen evident more than the past.Remarkable development of information and communication technologies and the expansion of internet on the one hand,andthe need of new ideas for urban management and urban governance and also the necessity to promote the participation of citizens on the other hand, has faced us to the gates of electronic cities.Now days the information and communication technology has a basic role in the social, cultural and economic development of the societies.The media play an important role in charge of sustainable development in practice and as a driving force in the cultural development of society, are important factors.The issue that exists in the in various human, economic,social and cultural dimensions have the appropriate fields for developing this technology? And has the information and communication technology been effective in the urban sustainable development?The method of research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting data is library-field.For data analysis,descriptive and inferential statistics has been used.The results of the study using Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant and direct relation between the individual characteristics of respondent households and the effect of information and communication technology.Also according to Friedman test,there is a significant difference between the mean of studied indicators for the development of ICT.Among these,the highest mean rank is related to human factors and the lowest is related to economic infrastructures of sustainable development.
yousef mohammadzadeh
Volume 4, Issue 8 , October 2013, , Pages 45-66
Abstract
Tabriz is an example of this issue that despite the spatial coherence and compactness in emergence and growth phase of its organic to Pahlavi period has changed completely,especially in the early 40s before the land reform, following the developments in result of recent ecade surbanization,and in condition ...
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Tabriz is an example of this issue that despite the spatial coherence and compactness in emergence and growth phase of its organic to Pahlavi period has changed completely,especially in the early 40s before the land reform, following the developments in result of recent ecade surbanization,and in condition that before a few decades ago has formed in a confined space and enclosed with fort had become more widespread and today it is trapped in the porous and patient structure. In other words,the spatial development of the city over the past half-century over the 2/4 is equal to population growth; the happens is interpreted to indiscriminate horizontal development and destroy the best gardens and periphery farms and eliminate lungs breathing of the city and eventually threat environment. Research hypotheses are as follows: 1) given the indicators on the social dimensions of sustainability- cultural, economic, and physical environment, sustainable development has occurred in Tabriz. 2) The city of Tabriz is a difference in having urban sustainability indicators. The research was adescriptive- analytical study and has been used quantitative methods and models such as factor analysis, AHP method and nonparametric Friedman and Wilcoxon tests, HDI combined model and GIS. The result of the investigations showed that among 10 metropolitan areas of Tabriz the 3deprived areas with average 0.27% of development factor are placed in the lowest development and in other words is allocated the firstpriorities of urban development for the future management and planning of Tabriz to itself.
