Ecological Modeling of Recyclable Waste Management With an Emphasis on Separation process Optimization and Cost Reduction :A Case Study of District 22

Introduction
Waste is considered one of the most important sources of pollution in large cities, and its lack of proper management can play a significant role in the emergence of urban and human environmental crises. On the other hand, proper management of production waste and reduction of losses resulting from it through proper planning and implementation of effective and efficient policies can reduce their negative consequences and even bring benefits to society. It is necessary to have a comprehensive and integrated model, taking into account the various dimensions of waste management and with appropriate boundaries, in order to optimize the process of waste separation and reduce waste costs. It takes into account concepts and issues related to waste, such as production and separation, collection and transportation, processing, recycling, and landfilling of waste, in an interconnected structure to examine the results of various policies and actions over time horizons, which prevents the imposition of huge economic and time costs on executive bodies and society. The main goal of the research is to present a model for managing recyclable waste in District 22 of Tehran Municipality with an approach to optimizing the separation process and reducing costs. In the Municipality of District 22, due to the size of the unit and the large number of employed personnel, the large number of contractors, and the existence of different units, all of which are waste producers in some way. There is a need to develop and finalize a comprehensive waste management plan that is principled and in line with the latest world standards and that can be implemented in this unit.
 
Methodology
This research is applied in terms of its nature and based on a descriptive and analytical method. The statistical population is made up of 80 experts from the Municipality of Region 12, neighborhood development offices and environmental professors. The sampling method used in the present study was stratified and probabilistic. The data collection method is a library, which was used to determine the thematic framework, to understand the concepts, views and theories. The data collection tool is a closed-ended questionnaire. SWOT and AHP have been used to analyze the recyclable waste management model in the 22nd district of Tehran Municipality with the approach of optimizing the separation process and reducing costs.
 
Findings
In the first model, in the first stage, the evaluation of the internal and external influencing factors on the state of recyclable waste management in the 22nd district of Tehran Municipality with the approach of optimizing the separation process and reducing costs, summarizing and summarizing the collected responses and placing the final factors in the relevant matrix. In this matrix, the number of internal factors is determined as 11 factors, of which 6 factors are related to strengths and 5 factors are related to weaknesses, which are specified in Table No. 2. Also, the number of external factors is 14, of which 9 are identified as opportunities and 5 are identified as threats. In the second step, the factors listed in the previous step were given an importance coefficient, and finally each of the internal and external factors was assigned a rank from 1 to 4. After that, research strategies were formulated in 4 categories: offensive, conservative, competitive and defensive. In the second model to explain the development strategies of the studied range, pairwise comparisons were analyzed in strengths and weaknesses and threats with different adaptation rates. According to the results of prioritizing the options, aggressive strategies were chosen as the highest strategic priority. Choosing this strategy means that the state of recyclable waste management in District 22 of Tehran Municipality, with the approach of optimizing the separation process and reducing costs, has capabilities that can be used to improve efficiency and reduce waste costs by using them and environmental opportunities.
 
Conclusion and Discussion




Currently, waste has become a problem in cities, on the one hand, municipal coffers are helpless to solve it, and on the other hand, it is considered a major threat to the environment. Waste management is one of the most important issues that most city managers care about today Protecting the environment from the destructive effects of waste, and more importantly, its optimal management in order to recycle and reduce the consumption of raw materials, is a major challenge facing decision-makers in this field. The results showed that based on the SWOT model of the situation of recyclable waste management in the 22nd district of Tehran municipality, with the approach of optimizing the separation process and reducing costs, defensive strategies were selected. Based on the combination of SWOT and AHP models, according to pairwise comparisons to obtain the weight of the criteria and calculate the degree of incompatibility of each of the matrices and the results of prioritizing the options, offensive strategies were chosen as the highest strategic priority. Based on the mentioned results, the solutions to improve the efficiency of the waste management system in the 22nd district of Tehran include the improvement of production and separation, the improvement of transportation, the improvement of processing, the improvement of recycling and the improvement of buria.