In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iranian Association For Environmental Assessment (IAEA)

Document Type : Science - Research

Authors

1 Lecture, Department of Urbanism, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 MSc., Department of Urbanism, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

The major problem that urban plans are facing with is their lack of flexibility in the face of uncertainties which have made policies of strategic plans inefficient and have made the city vulnerable against possible futures that are ahead. These uncertainties have made the future studies an important topic, and have made urban planners to use different models of future studies to reduce the vulnerability of cities against future challenges. One of the most common future study methods is scenario planning which has helped planners overcome some of these uncertainties. With the advancement of computer technology related to scenario planning, Software such as scenario wizard provide the ability for urban planners to analyze different aspects of the city, driving leading factors of development and uncertainties associated with each factor and finally extract possible scenarios. The main objective of this study is to provide a framework for the application of scenario planning and scenario wizard software in the preparation city strategic plans. In this practical study, the city of Najafabad is case study and to promote research, surveys, and interviews with city officials has been done. The results show that urban governance, upper level management, higher education as well as the urban economy with subcategories such as sustainable agriculture, trade, industry, and tourism are key factors and driving the development of the city of Najafabad. In addition to these factors, the arrival of new technologies such as subway and the state of water resources are founded as events that affect development.

Keywords

Main Subjects

  1. Amer, M., Daim, T. U., & Jetter, A. (2013b), A review of scenario planning. Futures. 46, 23-40.
  2. Amer, M., Daim, T., & Jetter, A. (2013a), Application of fuzzy cognitive map for the development of scenarios: A case study of Wind Energy Deployment Research and technology management in the electricity industry (pp. 129-159): Springer.
  3. Amer, M., Jetter, A., & Daim, T. (2011), Development of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)-based scenarios for wind energy. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 5(4), 564-584.
  4. Avin, U. (2007), Using scenarios to make urban plans. Engaging the future: forecasts, scenarios, plans, and projects. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, 103-134.
  5. Chermack, T. J. (2005), Studying scenario planning: Theory, research suggestions, and hypotheses. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 72(1), 59-73.
  6. Docherty, I., & McKiernan, P. (2008), Scenario planning for the Edinburgh city region. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 26(5), 982-997.
  7. Enzmann, D. R., Beauchamp, N. J., & Norbash, A. (2011), Scenario planning. Journal of the American College of radiology, 8(3), 175-179.
  8. Frederic P Miller, Agnes F Vandome, John McBrewster, (2011), porter five forces analysis, pest analysis. VDM publishing.
  9. Keough, S. M., & Shanahan, K. J. (2008), Scenario planning: toward a more complete model for practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10(2), 166-178.
  10. Lindgren, M., & Bandhold, H. (2009), Scenario Planning-Revised and Updated: The Link Between Future and Strategy. Springer.
  11. Moore, S. S., Seavy, N. E., & Gerhart, M. (2013) Scenario planning for climate change adaptation. A Guidance for Resource Managers.
  12. Peterson, G. D., Cumming, G. S., & Carpenter, S. R. (2003), Scenario planning: a tool for conservation in an uncertain world. Conservation biology, 17(2), 358-366.
  13. Salmeron, J. L., Vidal, R., & Mena, A. (2012), Ranking fuzzy cognitive map based scenarios with TOPSIS. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(3), 2443-2450.
  14. Schoemaker, P. J. (1995), Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking.Sloan management review, 36(2), 25.
  15. Schwartz, P. (1996), The art of the long view: paths to strategic insight for yourself and your company. Crown Pub.
  16. Shell International (2003), Scenarios: An Explorer’s Guide. London: Shell.
  17. Steinberg, F. (2005), Strategic urban planning in Latin America: Experiences of building and managing the future. Habitat International, 29(1), 69-93.
  18. Stojanović, M., Mitković, P., & Mitković, M. (2014), The scenario method in urban planning. Facta universitatis-series, Architecture and Civil Engineering, 12(1), 81-95.
  19. Van Der Heijden, K. (2000), Scenarios and forecasting: two perspectives. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 65(1), 31-36.
  20. Van der Heijden, K. (2005), Scenarios: The Art of Strategic Conversation. (2nd ed.).Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  21. Weimer-Jehle, W. (2009), Properties of Cross-Impact Balance Analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:0912.5352.