Climatology
Roghayeh Maleki Meresht; Majid Rezaei Banafsheh Daragh; Behrooz Sobhani; Masood Moradi
Abstract
The aim of this study is simulation and forecasting of maximum temperature and heat waves in Urmia city from 2020 to 2050 in order to predict and reduce the negative effects of a sudden increase in temperature, which is simulated using SDSM software and CanESM2 model And is predicted using the most appropriate ...
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The aim of this study is simulation and forecasting of maximum temperature and heat waves in Urmia city from 2020 to 2050 in order to predict and reduce the negative effects of a sudden increase in temperature, which is simulated using SDSM software and CanESM2 model And is predicted using the most appropriate RCP scenario for the next 31 years. For this purpose, the maximum daily temperature data of Urmia from 1961 to 2005 were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and forecasted. The innovation of this study is using the least error RCP scenario for more accurate prediction. According to the results, RCP 8.5 scenario was selected as the least error scenario for forecasting. According to the results the average maximum temperature in Urmia will decrease from late winter to late spring compared to the base period and in mid-summer there will be a slight increase. In general, during the years 2050-2020, the maximum temperature trend of Urmia will be increasing. According to the results of the Baldi index, The heat waves will be short and maximum four days. One-day heat waves will have the highest frequency and will have a slight upward trend, Two, three and four day heat waves will have a decreasing trend. In general, short-term heat waves are more likely to occur than long-term heat waves. Also, since the detected heat waves often showed the highest frequency in autumn and winter, so the probability of this hazard occurring in cold seasons is higher than warm seasons.
Geography And Urben Planning
Mohsen Armin; Vajihe Ghorbannia Kheybari; Elahe Azimi
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the tourism climate of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in order to make sustainable use of the natural capacities of the cities of the province in order to develop tourism and improve its position in the tourism industry. For this purpose, the comfort of ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the tourism climate of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces in order to make sustainable use of the natural capacities of the cities of the province in order to develop tourism and improve its position in the tourism industry. For this purpose, the comfort of the tourism climate in the cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer- Ahmad provinces was assessed using the TCI index in five meteorological stations of Yasuj, Sisakht, Dehdasht, Dogonbadan and Leikak. The combined analysis of ecotourism potential and tourism climate is a research innovation. The results showed that in the spring and autumn months, both in tropical cities and in cold cities of the province, suitable places can be found for tourism in terms of climate comfort.The results showed that in the months of spring and autumn, in the tropical zone cities as well as in the cooling zone cities of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, it is possible to find suitable places for tourism in terms of climate. In the months of the summer season, only the coldness of the province, the cities of Sisakht and Yasouj, are favorable conditions for tourism in terms of climate, while in the winter months the tropical zone of the province is suitable for tourism. To travel to Yasouj and Sisakht cities, the best time is the months of June, May and September with the excellent tourist climate. To travel to Dogonbadan, Dehdasht and Likak cities, the best time is the months of April, November and March with the excellent and very good tourist climate. To travel to Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, the best time is the months of October, November and May with the very good tourist climate.
Climatology
vahid safarian zengir; Broumand Salahi; Roghayeh Maleki Meresht; MohammadKia Kianian
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze rainfall drought indices to predict and reduce their negative effects in Ardebil province, which involved a descriptive-analytical study in terms of research type. Data were collected using documentary method. Accordingly, the information of mean rainfall and mean ...
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The aim of this study was to analyze rainfall drought indices to predict and reduce their negative effects in Ardebil province, which involved a descriptive-analytical study in terms of research type. Data were collected using documentary method. Accordingly, the information of mean rainfall and mean temperature on a monthly basis in synoptic stations of Ardebil, Germi, Parsabad, Meshkinshahr and Khalkhal were received from the Meteorological Organization in Ardebil province for the period (1996-1996). Dip and Dic software were used to analyze the SPI and CZI indices data in each of the 5 synoptic stations of the province. Drought zoning was then performed in two scales of 6 and 12 months, from IDW interpolation, in ArcGIS software. The innovation of the present study was the use of if-then rules in MATLAB software in combining drought indicators in the field of climatology. The results showed that very severe droughts at the 12-month scale were less than at the 6-month scale, and in all 5 stations studied, the number of moderate droughts was more than severe and very severe ones. Also, the highest frequency of drought was observed in Ardebil city and the lowest in Germi station. Similarly, a comparison of the two indicators displayed that their performance did not differ much; but it turned out that the SPI index, could reveal the number of droughts better than the CZI index.
Habitatation
Ail Eshghei; Hosain Nazmfar
Abstract
Earthquake as one of the most devastating & destructive types of natural hazards include big & unpredictable shapes.So, this cannot be prevented from its consequences. In contrast to this situation, international organizations' strategies for reduction of disaster is to create earthquake resilience ...
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Earthquake as one of the most devastating & destructive types of natural hazards include big & unpredictable shapes.So, this cannot be prevented from its consequences. In contrast to this situation, international organizations' strategies for reduction of disaster is to create earthquake resilience communities that this issue requires an assessment of the resilience of the city against earthquakes & planning. Therefor, this study try to investigate the resilience of the ten zone in district 1 of Tehran against earthquake. The research method was descriptive-analytic as well as applied type. In addition, ten main criteria were used to measure resilience of district 1 of Tehran in the form of 42 sub-criteria, which used the Prometheus & Gaia model to analyze the relevance of the criteria under the data analysis network analysis process.The results showed that zones 2, 7 & 8 have high resilience, Zones 3 & 4 have moderate resilience, Zones 10 have low resilience, & Zones 1, 5, 6 & 9 have very low earthquake resilience.In general, it can be concluded that zones the zones in the west of Tehran's one district are highly resilient, & those located in the central part, especially east of Tehran's one district, have little resilience against earthquakes.
Geography And Urben Planning
Hamidreza Kamyab
Abstract
In the sustainable development, the physical aspects of man-made areas are of great importance. This paper, in order to quantify the growth pattern of human-made areas, the relationship of built-up areas of Golestan province with ground surface temperature using six landmarks including number of patches, ...
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In the sustainable development, the physical aspects of man-made areas are of great importance. This paper, in order to quantify the growth pattern of human-made areas, the relationship of built-up areas of Golestan province with ground surface temperature using six landmarks including number of patches, largest patch index, shape index, nearest Euclidean distance, aggregation and Cohen examines. The selection of measures should be based on criteria such as independence between the measures. Statistical analysis of correlation between measures showed that there was no correlation between them. Landscape measurements were extracted by using Fragstats software. The results of Landscape analysis also showed that Gorgan city has the highest homogeneous structure and Maraveh Tepe city has the most inappropriate human-made structure. Landscape ecology studies are based on the importance of spatial structure on ecological processes. For this purpose, the statistical relationship between the structure and surface temperature of the earth was investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Surface temperature data were also extracted from the Madis sensor data. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the shape of the structure and the surface temperature. The man-made areas have a more complex shape and the surface temperature of these areas is higher than in other areas.
environment
vahid safarian zengir; BATOL Zenali; Leyla Jafarzadeh Aliabad
Abstract
y in Ardabil province analyzed the precipitation data of 30 years from 1987 to 2016. Most of the precipitation occurred on 09/12/1991.Synoptic atmospheric maps of this date at a level of 500 Millibars were prepared by sea level elevation maps, geopotential heights, wind speed and direction, humidity, ...
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y in Ardabil province analyzed the precipitation data of 30 years from 1987 to 2016. Most of the precipitation occurred on 09/12/1991.Synoptic atmospheric maps of this date at a level of 500 Millibars were prepared by sea level elevation maps, geopotential heights, wind speed and direction, humidity, temperature, perceptible water on ground level and blocking (omega), using satellite images from NCEP/NCAR databases which Affiliating to the National Oceanographic Organization of the United States. The research method is a circular environmental approach. The results showed that in addition to the ground and climate conditions that have been effective in causing heavy rainfall during this history, the internal situation with the external pattern, such as the seas around and adjacent to Iran like the Black Sea and the Mediterranean has been affected. The monthly precipitation of Khalkhal station as a region that is more prevalent in the south of Ardebil province and southwest of the Caspian Sea in the three months of the spring season is more than February (1321/8 mm), March (1716.7 mm) and April (1448 mm). The most natural atmospheric hazards affected by heavy rainfall and flood damage in Khalkhal, inland, village, river and agricultural damages occurred during these months.
environment
Behroz Sobhani; vahid safarian zengir; Rabab dyhm
Abstract
Thunderstorms rainfalls are a kind of unstable storms that are caused by an extremely strong abnormal state of atmospheric displacement and are one of the most important climatic phenomena in the northwest of the country.The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of thunderstorms ...
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Thunderstorms rainfalls are a kind of unstable storms that are caused by an extremely strong abnormal state of atmospheric displacement and are one of the most important climatic phenomena in the northwest of the country.The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of thunderstorms rainfalls in Ardabil province by using satellite images and Estimation of perceptible water. In this study, synoptic stations data, satellite imagery and MODIS bands 17 and 18 for Estimation of perceptible water were used. Images of thunderstorms rainfalls on 05.10.2010 and 18.06.2012 in ENVI4.4 software was processed and then they were interpolated in ArcGIS. Also, the results of interpolated field data revealed that the highest thunderstorms rainfalls are at Khalkhal station and lowest occurs in Meshkinshar station. In addition, thunderstorms rainfalls in the province in the spring and early summer lightning occurs. The results of the analysis of ground data and satellite imagery indicated this fact that the thunderstorms rainfalls derived from satellite imagery is far more accurate than data that obtained from the harvest of the earth. Also, maps of thunderstorms rainfalls can be extracted quickly and accurately, as well as using in the prediction of atmospheric hazards and optimal water resources planning in Ardabil province.
Geoeconomic
Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2012, , Pages 9-18
Abstract
In recent decades due to growing prices of fossil fuels and environmental pollution as a result of increased energy demand in renewable energy research and study has been considered by researchers. Resource constraints and environmental investments in the electricity sector, including key issues that ...
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In recent decades due to growing prices of fossil fuels and environmental pollution as a result of increased energy demand in renewable energy research and study has been considered by researchers. Resource constraints and environmental investments in the electricity sector, including key issues that will affect the process to minimize cost and environmental impact has always been regarded experts. Environmental protection and energy security of the electricity produced by power plants solar power acts emphasized. Iran has a warm climate is semiarid due to the special geographical location and orientation on the radiation belts and desert, The more central parts of the country, especially those are with a clear sky. This increase in sunshine hours and radiation from these regions than in other parts of the world. Therefore study in the construction and deployment of solar sites in the regions of the country can achieve clean energy for residents. This paper uses the capabilities of GIS and models to predict the overall radiation, sunshine hours and the amount of radiant energy receivedin Ardekan township villages. Calculated for each of the months and years, where 7/ 7hours sunny day and average 5/3 solar radiation of more than kilowatt hours per square meter per day were suitable for solar construction sites were identified. And for embedding solar panels priority direction is south and southwest in this place, respectively.
Climatology
Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2012, , Pages 19-36
Abstract
AbstractIn this research through applying Terjung method, climatic parameters of average max and min temperature, average max and min relative humidity, average sunshine hours, and average wind speed of 4 synoptic and 14 climatology stations during 16 years statistical period (1994/3/21-2011/3/20) for ...
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AbstractIn this research through applying Terjung method, climatic parameters of average max and min temperature, average max and min relative humidity, average sunshine hours, and average wind speed of 4 synoptic and 14 climatology stations during 16 years statistical period (1994/3/21-2011/3/20) for each month of the year has been used to evaluate Semnan province human bioclimatic, also Arcmap and AutoCAD map software is used to prepare region maps in different months regarding to height gradient and buffering. The result of this survey indicates that most of the stations located in south, east, and west of the province in months Farvardin (March20-April 19) and Aban (October 22-November 20), and north provincial stations in months Ordibehesht, KHordad, Shahrivar, and Mehr (April 20 until June 20 ,and August 22 until October 21) are in relief confine. Due to dominance of massive climatic phenomena on country's atmosphere and therefore on province, the number of bioclimatic types decreases in cold months. On the other hand when warm months of the year begin the role of massive climatic phenomena decreases and local factors dominate, and therefore the type number increases.Key words:Human Bioclimatic,Terjung, Regionalization, Semnan province
GIS
mohammad rooshanali
Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2012, , Pages 67-80
Abstract
Purpose of this study Evaluation Proportion Land For rapeseed cultivation Level Province Mazandaran are based on the Research Present of Data Climate 28 Synoptic stations and climatology Level Province of at Establishment Until Was created in 1390 For Performance Analysis of Three Index Needs Temperature ...
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Purpose of this study Evaluation Proportion Land For rapeseed cultivation Level Province Mazandaran are based on the Research Present of Data Climate 28 Synoptic stations and climatology Level Province of at Establishment Until Was created in 1390 For Performance Analysis of Three Index Needs Temperature (mean Annual Degree, Heat Average Minimum Degree, Heat Average Maximum Degree, Heat Temperature Bud Woman and Temperature, Flowering Index Needs Precipitation (mean Precipitation, Annual Precipitation, Fall, Precipitation, Winter, Precipitation Period Growth and Flowering and Precipitation Period Handling and Index Other Needs Climate (temperature Day Growth, Hours Sunny, Glacial and Moisture، Relative) Use The a Because Different Be Scale Size The Data Statistical Other Needs Climate Of Method Score Standardization Data Use Was. Methods This descriptive - analytical, so that the documentary method (library search), to collect raw data and theoretical research and study records and data from synoptic stations and land suitability assessment process provided climatology was. to Manner General Results Decomposition and Analysis Climate Time Be Generalization to Sea Widespread Will Was That With Use of Methods Interpolation Data Spot to Data Sea Conversion Be to The same Reason Of Method Interpolation IDW at Environment GIS For Measurement Proportion Land For cultivation Canola at Area Case Study Use The and the final map was produced .The analysis results showed that most of the lands have moderate limitations and low lands have no limitations area
Climatology
Hossein Negaresh; Taghi tavousi; mehdi mehdi nasab
Volume 3, Issue 6 , October 2012, , Pages 81-92
Abstract
With all the importance of water in the economy Iran is, every year floods volumes high of waters and Prolific soils of the country and access out to the desert, lakes and seas Delivers.the hydrological model can be structured according to the basin and operating characteristics affecting desired interaction ...
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With all the importance of water in the economy Iran is, every year floods volumes high of waters and Prolific soils of the country and access out to the desert, lakes and seas Delivers.the hydrological model can be structured according to the basin and operating characteristics affecting desired interaction phenomena and its behavior show with reasonable approximation.However, using different experimental models in the esteem at ion of runoff washbasin associated with many problems. Why regional analysis in flow, with an estimated return period specified by the physiographic an climatic chara cteristi chase wide application. In this study data from five sub basin the monthly precipitation and discharge in the river basin kashkan scale With good dispersion in the basin are is. Runoff generated from the multivariate regression modeling has been at tempted models for evaluating models developed using. A number of criteria and indicators in clouding, correlation coefficient, standard error, the relative error of estimation and verification, the mean absolute percentage error, Relative mean squared, error squares Square of the mean square error, the average absolute error is used.Results the multiple regression shows the I all period return Different the original factors Runoff Production factors maximum monthly rainfall, Area, time to focus, Coefficient Compaction are.
Geography And Urben Planning
Volume 2, Issue 4 , October 2011, , Pages 0-0
Abstract
Based on the statistical evidence, The Earth's climate is warming and it happened particularly in the urban areas. For example, the annual average temperature in Iran's third largest pollution metropolitan-Karaj, during the period 1960 to 2008 increased about 2.256 degrees Celsius. The heating effect ...
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Based on the statistical evidence, The Earth's climate is warming and it happened particularly in the urban areas. For example, the annual average temperature in Iran's third largest pollution metropolitan-Karaj, during the period 1960 to 2008 increased about 2.256 degrees Celsius. The heating effect on the human environment has more features and derived urban heat island becomes more severe and lead to increasing air pollution in urban environments. Energy consumption increased to create favorable conditions of human living. Generally increasing temperature in urban environments poses serious problems and costs. The only way to prevent or at least mitigate these problems is Change the physical structure of the city in order to adapt the heating suitable place.Due to the high value and low land area of green space in the metropolitan cities,it seems that choosing green roof technology in large cities is a suitable altenative because of improved quality and it,s impact on sustainability of the urban environment. The main objective of this research is to introduce green roofs system and its impact on reducing the heat-island phenomenon. The temperature effect of green roofs in comperative study with other roofs were analyzed on micro climate scale and simulated by using Derob software. The finding is clearly shown that there is considerable reduction in temperature capacity. The results show that impact of heat island can be reduced by developing green roofs in the future constructed buildings in comparison with other roofs.
Climatology
Volume 2, Issue 3 , September 2011, , Pages 7-22
Abstract
In order to recognize Semnan weather types, in this research 7 variables were studied in Semnan synoptic station from Farvardin,1st,1358 to Esfand, 29th,1382. Cluster analysis on the standardized matrix of data(stnd9094,18) and linking days on the basis of ward method showed that, Semnan has 5 weather ...
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In order to recognize Semnan weather types, in this research 7 variables were studied in Semnan synoptic station from Farvardin,1st,1358 to Esfand, 29th,1382. Cluster analysis on the standardized matrix of data(stnd9094,18) and linking days on the basis of ward method showed that, Semnan has 5 weather types(WT) including:1. Moderate WT, 2. Hot & windy WT, 3.Very cold, Rainy & foggy WT, 4. Very hot, dry & windy WT 5- Very cold & frosty WT. Based on this research results,very hot , dry and windy WT is the most dominant and durable, and Moderate WT is the least frequent and short-lived weather types of Semnan. For every type one day was selected as the representative day. Monthly and yearly frequency of each type was estimated. It was found that the yearly frequency of types has changed since three decades ago. At the end ،the relationship of these types to circulation patterns of the middle level of atmosphere was investigated and to appear that ، the event of each type is affected by the specific circulation patterns.
Climatology
Hooshmand Atayi; Sadat Hashemi nasab
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010, , Pages 23-32
Abstract
Iran from tourism point of view is carried to account among the five superior countries of the world. Therefore, information from attractions and natural efficiencies especially climatically viewpoint in the scope of Iran Geography enjoying a well deserved importance. In this research, in order to study ...
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Iran from tourism point of view is carried to account among the five superior countries of the world. Therefore, information from attractions and natural efficiencies especially climatically viewpoint in the scope of Iran Geography enjoying a well deserved importance. In this research, in order to study the potentials of tourism area in Semnan Province, by applying the PET indicator has been used from climatically parameters of average dry temperature, relatively wet average, wind speed average, steam pressure average, and the cloudy rate of Semnan Synoptic stations, and that of Shahroud and Biarjmand during the statistic course of 1992-2004. The result of this study shows all stations in May mounth and in October, the station Semnan, Shahroud, Garmsar , in September Bearjmand and shahrood and, in April ,Garmsar and in June in Byarjmnd of months that are having the best conditions from the point Comment comfort climate and climate are very suitable for tourism have. all stations, the months of July and August, a different degree of thermal stress is low until moderate exist. Also all the stations during the months January, February, March and November cold tension have violent extra until moderate
Habitatation
Rahmatollah Bahrami
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010, , Pages 51-60
Abstract
This paper to discuss rural housing deals in Kermanshah. Rural housing in Iran and particularly in Kermanshah province suffer from several factors first technical weakness there construction materials weak second and third pay enough attention to rural housing retrofit. Since Iran on earthquake belt ...
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This paper to discuss rural housing deals in Kermanshah. Rural housing in Iran and particularly in Kermanshah province suffer from several factors first technical weakness there construction materials weak second and third pay enough attention to rural housing retrofit. Since Iran on earthquake belt is an area of more than 97 percent of Iran in areas where the relative risk of earthquakes in their middle and high or reported. Research with the aim of quantitative and qualitative study of rural housing indicators of Kermanshah methods - descriptive analysis in which the 10 variables studied will. Results show that the rural areas of Kermanshah in 1385 about 17,779 new housing units needed. Structure of 43.8 percent of rural housing in Kermanshah durable, 33.9 Drsdkm durability and 22.2 percent are more ephemeral. Over 74 percent of the residential units have less than 100 m Infrastructure and 25 percent of residential units with more than 25 years old are. Of the seismic zone east of the province shows the province has set very high seismic risk was more than 24 percent and 19 percent of the population of the area where they are residing. Middle and western part of the equivalent of a small area of 71 percent in high risk situations are more than 75 percent of the population. Only 5 percent of the area of Kermanshah province has set seismic risk is moderate. So to prevent natural disasters and improving rural housing need in rural housing comprehensive plan that was organized should be considered.
Climatology
Abbasali Arvin
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010, , Pages 61-70
Abstract
Ozone gas is one the pollutant that it survey in Isfahan gauge pollution stations. A part of production and diffusion of ozone related to atmosphere parameters directly and indirectly. The aim of this research to study atmosphere parameter affected on surface ozone variations in Isfahan town. The ...
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Ozone gas is one the pollutant that it survey in Isfahan gauge pollution stations. A part of production and diffusion of ozone related to atmosphere parameters directly and indirectly. The aim of this research to study atmosphere parameter affected on surface ozone variations in Isfahan town. The correlation and multiple regression have been used for analyze. The results show that increasing of temperature and sunny hours in three time period; monthly, seasonal and yearly have been directly correlated to increasing of ozone but relative humidity and highest wind flow have inverse correlate with increasing of ozone. For example, the correlation coefficient between average of ozone with daily maximum of humidity, mean daily of temperature and number of sunny hours is R=-0.569, R=+0.533 and R=+0.52 one by one. In the best conditions in Farvardin month, 80.6 percent of variations have been explained by atmosphere parameters. More than 50% of variations of ozone in Lale station in 30.6% of total year have been explicated by atmosphere parameters whereas this percent of explication only in 16.6 percent of total year in Bozorgmehr station have been explicated. Thus the values of ozone in Lale station to be more affected from the atmosphere parameters in compare with Bozorgmehr station.
