Adebayo, Y. R. (1987). A Note on the Effect of Urbanization on Temperature in Ibadan. Journal of Climatology, 7(2), 185-192.
Baklanov, A., Hänninen, O., Slørdal, L. H., Kukkonen, J., Bjergene, N., Fay, B., … Sørensen, J. H. (2006). Integrated systems for forecasting urban meteorology, air pollution and population exposure. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 6(2), 1867–1913.
Bornstein, R. & Lin, Q. (2000). Urban Heat Island and Summer Time Convective Thunderstorms in Atlanta: Three Case Studies. Atmospheric Environment, 34(3), 507-516.
Chan, C. F., Lebedeva, J., Otero, J., & Richardson, G. (2008). Urban heat islands: a climate change adaptation strategy for Montreal. Plan Canada, 48(1), 30-33.
Changnon, S. A., Huff, F. A., & Semonin R. G. (1971). Metromax: an investigation of inadvertent weather modification. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 52(10), 958-967.
Chen, J., Li, Q., Niu, J., & Sun, L. (2011). Regional climate change and local urbanization effects on weather variables in Southeast China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 25(4), 555-565.
Chung, U., Choi, J., & Yun, J. I. (2004). Urbanization effect on observed change in mean monthly temperature between 1951–1980 and 1971–2000 in Korea. Climatic Chang, 66(1-2), 127–136.
Crane, P., & Kinzig, A. (2005). Nature in the metropolis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5726), 1225.
Cueto, G. O., Martinez, T., & Morales, B. G. (2009). Urbanization effects upon the air temperature in Mexicali, BC, Mexico. Atmósfera, 22(4), 349-365.
Davis, K. (1965). The urbanization of the human population. Scientific American,13(3), 41-53.
Dhorde, A., Dhorde, A., & Gadgil, A. S. (2009). Long-term temperature trends at four largest cities of India during the twentieth century. J. Ind. Geophys. Union, 13(2), 85-97.
Englehart, P. J., & Douglas, A. V. (2003). Urbanization and seasonal temperature trends: observational evidence from a data sparse part of North America. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society , 23(10), 1253-1263.
Ezber, Y., Lutfi Sen, O., Kindap, T., & Karaca, M. (2007). Climatic effects of urbanization in Istanbul: a statistical and modeling analysis. International Journal of Climatology: A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 27(5), 667-679.
Fang, F., Junqin, G., Landong, S., Jing, W., & Xinping, W. (2014). The effects of urbanization on temperature trends in different economic periods and geographical environments in northwestern China. Theory Apple climatology, 116(5), 227-241.
Fanni, Z. (2006). Cities and urbanization in Iran after the Islamic revolution. Cities, 23(6), 407–411.
Fathi, E. (2015). The trend of urbanization in Iran, 3 (2), 8-15. (In Persian)
Fujibe, F. (1995). Temperature rising trends at Japanese cities during the last hundred years and their relationship with population, population increasing rates and daily temperature ranges. Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, 46(2), 35–55.
Fujibe, F. (2009). Detection of urban warming in recent temperature trends in Japan. International Journal of Climatology : A Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 29(12), 1811-1822.
Fujibe, F. (2011). Urban warming in Japanese cities and its relation to climate change monitoring. International Journal of Climatology 31(2), 162-173.
Goodridge, J. D. (1992). Urban bias influences on long-term California air temperature trends. Atmospheric Environment. Part B. Urban Atmosphere, 26(1), 1-7.
Hesamian, F. & Eatemad , G. (1989). Urbanization in Iran, Ahgh Press.
Hua, L. J., Ma, Z. G., & Guo, W. D. (2008). The impact of urbanization on air temperature across China. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 93(3-4), 179-194.
Inoue, T., & Kimura, F. (2004). Urban effects on low level clouds around the Tokyo metropolitan area on clear summer days. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(5),1-5.
Jahanbakhsh Asl, S., Mohammadi, G., Rashidi, Sh., & Hosseini Sadr, A. (2017). Investigation of changes in the average monthly minimum temperature of the cold period of the year in North-West Iran. Journal of Geography and Planning, 21(62), 79-96. (In Persian)
Jauregui, E., & Romales, E. (1996). Urban effects on convective precipitation in Mexico City. Atmospheric Environment, 30(20), 3383-3389.
Karl, T. R., Diaz, H. F., & Kukla, G. (1988). Urbanization: Its detection and effect in the United States climate record. Journal of climate, 1(11), 1099-1123.
Kendall, M.,G. (1970). Rank Correlation Methods, New York, Hafner.
Kim, M. K., Kang, I. S., Kwak, C. H. (1999). The estimation of urban warming amounts due to urbanization in South Korea for the recent 40 Years. Journal of the Korean Meteorological Society 35 (1), 118-126.
Landsberg, H. E. (1981). The urban climate, Academic Press, new York.
Lee, D. O. (1979). Influence of Atmospheric Stability and the Urban Heat Island on Urban-Rural Wind Speed Differences. Atmospheric Environment, 13(8), 1175-1180.
Lee, Y., M. Wenig, and X. Yang. (2009). The Emergence of Urban Ozone Episodes in Autumn and Air Temperature Rise in Hong Kong. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2 (2), 111–121.
Lotfi, M., Alijani, B., & Ziaian Firouzabadi, P. (2014). Analyzing the influence of the city on annual temperature changes in North-Eastern Iran. Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 35(14), 175-196. (In Persian)
Mann, H. B. (1945) Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13(3), 245-259.
Matsumoto, J., Fujibe, F., & Takahashi, H. (2017). Urban climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 59(5), 54-62.
Musa Kazemi, S., M. (2013). Spatial Distribution of Population and Hierarchical System of Iranian Cities 1335-1335. Physical Development Planning Scientific-Research Quarterly, 3(1), 113-124. (In Persian)
Mezidi, A., & Narangi Fard, M. (2016). The effect of urban development and land use changes on the climatic elements of Shiraz and Fasa. Applied Research Journal of Geographical Sciences, 16(40), 131-154. (In Persian)
Nam, W. H., Baigorria, G., Hong, E. M., Kim, T., Choi, Y. S., & Feng, S. (2018). The Fingerprint of Climate Change and Urbanization in South Korea. Atmosphere, 9(7), 1-16.
Nyambod, E. M. (2010). Environmental Consequences of Rapid Urbanisation: Bamenda City, Cameroon. Journal of Environmental Protection, 1(1), 15–23.
Oke TR. (1982). The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Quarterly journal of the royal meteorological society, 108(455), 1–24.
Oke, T. R. (1987). Boundary layer climates, Academic Press, Vancouver.
Olanrewaju, R. M. (2009). The Climate Effect of Urbanization in A City of Developing Country: The Case Study Of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Ethiopian. Journal of environmental Studies and management, 2(2),67-72.
Ongoma, V., Muthama, J. N., & Gitau, W. (2013). Evaluation of urbanization influences on urban temperature of Nairobi City, Kenya. Global Meteorology, 2(1), 1-5.
Palumbo, A. & Mazzarella, A. (1980). Rainfall Statistical Properties in Naples. Monthly Weather Review, 108(7), 1041-1045.
Pourdihimi, Sh. (2011). Climate Language in Sustainable Environmental Design (Volume 1), Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University Press. (In Persian)
Rabin, R. M. and D. W. Martin (1996). Satellite observations of shallow cumulus coverage over the central United States: An exploration of land use impact on cloud cover. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 101(D3), 7149-7155.
Ranjbar Saadat-Abadi, A., Bidakhti, A., Hosseini, A. A., & Sadeghi, S. A. (2006). The Effects of Heat Island and Urbanization on Weather and Local Climate in Tehran Metropolis. Environment, 32(39), 68- 59. (In Persian)
Ray Sinha, K.C., Mukhopadhayay, R. K., & Choudhury, S. K. (1997). Trends in maximum, minimum temperatures and sea level pressure over India. Paper presented in INTROMET-97 held at IIT, 2-5.
Ren, G., Zhoun, Y., Chuziying, Z., J, Zhang, A., Guo, J., & Xuefeng, l. (2008). Urbanization effects on observed surface air temperature trends in north China, American Meteorological Society, 21(6), 1333-1348.
Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., & Slosberg, R. (2006). Mitigating New York City’s heat island with urban forestry, living roofs, and light surfaces. A report to the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 1- 5.
Rotach, M. W. (1993). Turbulence Close to a Rough Urban Surface. Part 1: Reynolds Stress. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 65(2), 1-28.
Roy, S. S., Kiany, K., Sadegh, M., & Balling, R. C. (2016). A significant population signal in Iranian temperature records. International Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2016(3), 1-7.
Sadr Mousavi, M. S., & Talebzadeh, M. (2009). Investigation and analysis of changes in the urban hierarchy of West Azarbaijan province in a 50-year period (1335-85). Geographical Space Magazine, 9(27), 159-133. (In Persian)
Sa'i, E. (2013). analysis of urbanization trends in the provinces of Iran (1335-85). Iran Social Sciences Studies, 10(37), 42-72. (In Persian)
Seto, K. C., Fragkias, M., Güneralp, B., & Reilly, M. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of global urban land expansion. PloS one, 6(8), 1-9.
Shakoi, H. I. (1992). Urban Geography of Iran, Payam Noor University Press, Iran.
Shepherd, J. M. (2006). Evidence of urban-induced precipitation variability in arid climate regimes. Journal of Arid Environments, 67(4), 607-628.
Shepherd, J. M.(2005). A review of current investigations of urban induced rainfall and recommendations for the future. Earth Interactions, 9(12), 1–27.
Shepherd, J. M., Pierce, H. & Negri , A. J. (2002). Rainfall modification by major urban areas: Observations from spaceborne rain radar on the TRMM satellite. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 41(7), 689-701.
Shepherd, J., Manyin, M. & Messen, D. (2006). Projected Regional Climate Changes in 2025 Due to Urban Growth. AGU Joint Assembly, Baltimore, Maryland, 1-4.
Streutker, D. R. (2002). A remote sensing study of the urban heat island of Houston, Texas. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(13), 2595–2608.
Taqvai, M.. & Sabri, H. (2010). An analysis of Iran's urban systems during the years 1335 to 1385. Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 2(5), 55-76. (In Persian)
Tayanc, M., & Toros, H. (1997). Urbanization effects on regional climate change in the case of four large cities of Turkey. Climatic Change, 35(4), 501-524.
Tayanç, M., İm, U., Doğruel, M., & Karaca, M. (2009). Climate change in Turkey for the last half century. Climatic Change, 94(3-4), 483-502.
Toros, H., Abbasnia, M., Sagdic, M., & Tayanç, M. (2017). Long-Term Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in the Megacity of Istanbul for the Development of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change. Advances in Meteorology, 2017(3), 1-14.
UN (2004). World urbanization prospects: The 2003 revision. United Nations Population Division. New York, USA, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, 237(5), 95-335.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2015). World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations.
United Nations Population Division (2005). World Urbanization Prospects; The 2005 Revision.UNFPA, 1999: State of World Population. UNFPA. ISBN: 0-89714-558-5.
United Nations, D. of E. and S. A.-P. D. (2014). World Urbanization.
Van T., T. & Bao X., H. D. (2010). Study of the impact of urban development on surface temperature using remote sensing in Ho Chi Minh City, Northern Vietnam. Geographical Research, 48(1), 86–96.
Wang, M., & Yan, X. (2015). A comparison of two methods on the climatic effects of urbanization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan area. Advances in Meteorology, 2015(2015), 1-12.
Wang, Y., Ji, W., Yu, X., Xu, X., Jiang, D., Wang, Z., & Zhuang, D. (2014). The impact of urbanization on the annual average temperature of the past 60 years in Beijing. Advances in Meteorology, 2014(2014), 1-12.
Wilbanks, T.J. & Kates, R.W. (1999). Global change in local places: how scale matters. Climatic Change, 43(3), 601-628.
Yilmaz, S., Toy, S., Yildiz, N. D., & Yilmaz, H. (2009). Human population growth and temperature increase along with the increase in urbanisation, motor vehicle numbers and green area amount in the sample of Erzurum city, Turkey. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 148(1-4), 205-213.
Zeleňáková, M., Purcz, P., Hlavatá, H., & Blišťan, P. (2015). Climate change in urban versus rural areas. Procedia Engineering, 119(2015), 1171-1180.
Zhang, Y., Clements, T., Jacobson, W., Katen, B. (2011). Urban Open Space Design For The Chinese Floating Population Community: Planning And Site Design Guidelines. Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Landscape Architecture.
Zhu, R. (2009). China’s South-North Water Transfer Project and Its Impacts on Economic and Social Development. Management Bureau of South-North Water Transfer Planning and Design. Ministry of Water Resources of China.
پوردیهیمی، شهرام (1390). زبان اقلیمی در طراحی محیطی پایدار (جلد اول). تهران، انتشارات دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.
تقوایی، مسعود، صابری، حمید (1389)، تحلیلی بر سیستمهای شهری ایران طی سالهای 1335 تا 1385. مطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای، 2(5)، 55-76.
جهانبخش اصل، سعید، محمدی، غلامحسن، راشدی، شهناز، حسینی صدر، عاطفه (1396). بررسی روند تغییرات میانگین حداقل دمای ماهانه دوره سرد سال در شمالغرب ایران. نشریه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی، 21(62)، 79-96.
رنجبر سعادتآبادی، عباس، بیدختی، عباسعلی، علیاکبر، حسینی، صادقی، سید علیرضا (1385). آثار جزیره گرمایی و شهرنشینی روی وضع هوا و اقلیم محلی در کلانشهر تهران. محیطشناسی، 32(39) ، 68-59.
ساعی، ارسی (1392). تحلیل روند تحّولات شهرنشینی در استانهای ایران (85-1335). مطالعات علوم اجتماعی ایران، 10(37)،42-72.
صدر موسوی، میرستار، طالبزاده، میرحیدر (1388). بررسی و تحلیل تغییرات در سلسله مراتب شهری استان آذربایجان غربی در یک دوره 50 ساله (1335-85). مجله فضای جغرافیایی، 9(27) ، 133-159.
فتحی، الهام (1394). روند شهرنشینی در ایران، ۳(۲) ، ۸-۱۵.
لطفی، محمد، علیجانی، بهلول، ضیائیان فیروزآبادی، پرویز (1393)، واکاوی تأثیر شهر بر تغییرات سالانه دما در شمالشرق ایران. نشریه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، 35(14)، 175-196.
مزیدی، احمد، نارنگی فرد، مهدی (1395)، تأثیر توسعه شهری و تغییرات کاربری بر عناصر آبوهوایی شهر شیراز و فسا. نشریه تحقیقات کاربردی علوم جغرافیایی، 40(16)، 131-154.
موسی کاظمی، سید مهدی (1392). توزیع فضایی جمعیت و نظام سلسلهمراتبی شهرهای ایران 1335-1390. فصلنامه علمی ـ پژوهشی برنامهریزی توسعه کالبدی، 3(1)، 113-124.