ارزیابی تأثیرات شهرنشینی بر تغییرات فراسنج‌های دمایی (دمای حداقل و حداکثر) در نقاط شهری، پژوهش مورد ی: شمال‌غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار،گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار،گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر ارزیابی تأثیرات شهرنشینی بر تغییرات زمانی و مکانی فراسنج‌های اقلیمی و ارتباط با آن است. بنابراین تأثیر شهرنشینی بر دمای حداقل و حداکثر در نقاط شهری شمال­‌غرب ایران بررسی گردید. از داده‌­های هواشناسی (1987-2017) و داده­‌های شهرنشینی حاصل از سرشماری عمومی و نفوس مسکن (1365-1395) استفاده شد و روش­‌های آماری ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و آزمون من-کندال به­ کار برده شد. براساس این آزمون روند مثبت و معناداری در دمای حداقل و حداکثر در میان ایستگاه­های شهری مشاهده گردید. نوآوری مقاله حاضر در تأثیر افزایش جمعیت و توسعه فیزیکی شهرها بر پارامترهای اقلیمی شهرها می­‌باشد. تغییرات ده‌ه­ای نشان از تأثیر شهرنشینی بر آب‌وهوا است. نتایج ارتباط دمای حداقل و حداکثر با تعداد جمعیت در نقاط شهری مثبت می­باشد. میزان همبستگی دمای حداقل در خلخال و خرم‌دره (شهرهای کوچک) 8/0، در شهرهای مراغه و خوی (شهرهای متوسط) 7/0 و دمای حداکثر در شهر مهاباد 61/0 به‌دست آمد و در شهرهای بزرگ اردبیل و زنجان ارتباط بسیار زیادی به میزان 7/0، 75/0 اما در ارومیه و تبریز (شهر خیلی بزرگ و کلان­شهر) جمعیت با دمای حداقل ارتباط کمی داشت ولی دمای حداکثر در هر دو شهر با ضریب بالای 68/0، 61/0 مشاهده شد که نشان­‌دهنده نقش قابل‌توجه شهرنشینی در آب‌وهوای شهری است. در شهرهای کوچک و متوسط و بزرگ تغییرات در دمای حداقل قابل توجه بود. در تمامی ایستگاه‌­ها بررسی تغییرات ده‌ه­ای جمعیت و دمای حداقل و حداکثر روند افزایشی نشان داد و تغییرات زیاد در دهه­‌های 1375-1385 و 1385-1395 می­‌باشد.   
    

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Urbanization Impacts on Minimum and Maximum Temperature Changes in Urban Areas, Case Study: Northwest of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdullah Faraji 1
  • Hossein Asakereh 2
  • Hossein Mirmosavi 3
  • Solmaz Motalebizad 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
4 Ph.D Student, Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The aim of the current research is to evaluate the effects of urbanization on the temporal and spatial changes of climatic parameters and their relationship. Therefore, the impacts of urbanization on minimum and maximum temperature variations were investigated in Iran's Northwestern urban areas. For this purpose, the meteorological (1987-2017) and urbanization data from the general census as well as the housing population (1365-1395) in conjunction with Pearson Correlation-coefficient and Mann-Kendall Test were used. Based on this test, a positive and significant trend was observed at minimum and maximum temperatures among urban stations. The innovation of this article is in the effect of population increase and physical development of cities on the climatic parameters of cities. Decadal changes show the impact of urbanization on climate. The results of the correlation test between minimum and maximum temperature with the number of population in urban areas are positive. The correlation between the minimum temperature in Khalkhal and Khoramdareh (small towns) was 0.8, in Maragheh and Khoy (average cities) 0.7 and Maximum temperature was 0.61 in Mahabad city and there was a significant relationship between the big cities of Ardebil and Zanjan at 0.7, 0.75, but in Urmia and Tabriz (a large and metropolitan city), the population with a minimal temperature was relatively small, but maximum temperatures in both cities with a coefficient of 0.68, 0.61, indicates the significant role played by the urbanization on  urban climate. In small and medium-sized towns, significant changes were observed at minimal temperatures. At all stations, the demographic changes and the minimum and maximum temperature increases were observed.There are many changes in the decades of 1375-1385 and 1385-1395.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urbanization
  • Correlation
  • Temperature Parameters
  • Urban warming
  • Northwest of Iran
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