پایش و ارزیابی روند تغییرات پوشش برف در شهرستان‌های استان گلستان، مازندران و گیلان

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دکتری، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر بر پایه داده‌های تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سنجنده MODIS، مستقر روی ماهواره‌های Terra و Aqua و ماهواره ثقل‌سنجی GRACE با رویکرد نوآورانه الگوریتم و کدنویسی در سامانه تحت وب گوگل‌ارث انجین در شهرستان‌های استان‌های (گلستان، مازندران و گیلان) و در حد فاصل سال‌های 2001 تا 2022، به برآورد و تحلیل روند تغییرات مساحت سطحی برف، عمق برف، آب معادل برف و تغییرات سفره آب‌های زیرزمینی در محدوده مورد مطالعه پرداخته شد. براساس نتایج به دست آمده بیش‌ترین مساحت سطحی بارش برف با مقدار 01/9496 کیلومتر مربع در سال 2005 و کم‌ترین آن با مقدار 21/2906 کیلومتر مربع در سال 2010 اتفاق افتاده است، این درحالی است که بیش‌ترین مقدار عمق برف با مقدار 07/0 ‌متر در سال 2008 و بیش‌ترین آب معادل برف با مقدار 10 کیلوگرم بر متر مربع در سال 2008 به دست آمد که مبین همبستگی بالای عمق برف با آب معادل از برف است. نتایج بررسی سفره آب‌های زیرزمینی براساس سه مدل CSR، GFZ و JPL نشان داد که بیش‌ترین حجم سطح سفره آب‌های زیرزمینی با مقدار 5/12 سانتی‌متر، در سال 2005 و کم‌ترین آن با مقدار 5/27- سانتی‌متر، در سال 2017 قرار دارد. یافته‌های تحقیق، نشان‌دهنده مقدار کاهشی روند سفره آب‌های زیرزمینی در سال 2017 با مقدار 5/12- سانتی‌گراد در ارتباط با مقدار روند کاهشی پوشش برف در سال 2017 با میزان پوشش برفی 56/5432 کیلومتر مربع در منطقه مورد مطالعه است. براساس نتایج به دست آمده از پژوهش حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که روند تغییرات پوشش برف بر مقدار حجم سفره آب‌های زیرزمینی در منطقه مورد مطالعه تأثیر داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Monitoring and Evaluation of Snow Cover Changes Trend in the Cities of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan Provinces

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ata ghafari gilandeh 1
  • Vahid Safarian Zengir 2
1 Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Department of physical Geography, Climatology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

In the current research, based on the data of the satellite images of the MODIS sensor, located on the Terra and Aqua satellites and the GRACE gravimetric satellite, with the innovative approach of algorithm and coding in the web system of Google Earth Engine in the cities of the provinces (Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan) and within the interval of years 2001 to 2022; Estimation and analysis of changes trend in snow surface area, snow depth, snow equivalent water and groundwater aquifer changes in the studied area were done. According to the obtained results, the highest surface area of snowfall with a value of 9496.01 Km2 occurred in 2005 and the lowest with a value of 2906.21 Km2 in 2010, while the maximum amount of snow depth with a value of 0.07 meters in 2008 and the highest water equivalent of snow was obtained with a value of 10 kg/m2 in 2008, and this shows the high correlation between snow depth and water equivalent of snow. The results of the investigation of the groundwater aquifer based on the three CSR, GFZ and JPL models in the studied years showed that the maximum volume of the groundwater aquifer with a value of 12.5 cm was in 2005 and the lowest with a value of -27.5 cm is in 2017. The findings of the research show the decreasing trend of the groundwater aquifer in 2017 with the value of -12.5 cm in connection with the decreasing trend of snow cover in 2017 with the amount of snow cover of 5432.56 Km2 in the study area. Based on the results obtained from the present research, it can be concluded that the process of snow cover changes had an effect on the volume of the groundwater aquifer in the studied area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Snow Estimation
  • NDSI Index
  • GRACE Index
  • Modis Sensor
  • Caspian Coast Provinces
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